Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women and men in the United States and around the world. Lung cancer has surpassed breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women.
In the United States in the year 2007 160.390 people had lung cancer, which combined more than the number of deaths from colorectal cancer and prostate cancer death.
Only about 2% of people with lung cancer that has spread to other areas of the body diagnosed alive five years after diagnosis, although the survival rate for lung cancer is diagnosed at a very early stage are higher, with approximately 49% survive for five years or more.
Some lung tumors are metastatic cancers elsewhere in the body. The lungs are a common site for metastasis. If this happens, the cancer is not lung cancer. For example, if prostate cancer spreads through the bloodstream to the lungs, is a prostate cancer metastasis (secondary cancer) in the lungs and is not lung cancer.
Cancer occurs when normal cells, a transformation that makes it grow and multiply, without being subject to regular audits. The cells form a mass or tumor surrounding tissue from which they differ. Tumors are dangerous because they take oxygen, nutrients, and space for healthy cells.
About 90% of cases of lung cancer caused by smoking. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. Research as far back as the 1950s clearly established this relationship. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, many of which have been identified as causing cancer. A person who smokes more than a pack of cigarettes per day had a risk of lung cancer 20-25 times higher than those who never smoked.
However, when a person smokes, their risk of lung cancer gradually decreases. About 15 years after quitting, the risk of lung cancer decreases the level of someone who never smoked. Cigars and pipe tobacco also increases the risk of lung cancer, but not as much as smoking cigarettes.
Most are malignant tumors of the lung. This means that they invade and destroy healthy tissue around them and can spread throughout the body.
Tumors may also toward nearby lymph nodes or the bloodstream to other organs. This process is called metastasis. When metastatic cancer, the tumor in the lung is a primary tumor, and tumors in other parts of the body are called secondary tumors or metastases.
Carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, representing 30% -40% of cases. A subtype of adenocarcinoma is called broncho-alveolar carcinoma, the onset of pneumonia on chest radiograph generated. Carcinoma (NSCLC) is the second most common type of lung cancer, which is about 30% of all cases of lung cancer. Large cell cancer (another NSCLC) represents 10% of cases. SCLC is 20% of cases. And finally, the carcinoid tumors represent only 1% of cases.
Lung cancer is generally divided into two main groups, representing about 95% of cases. This division into groups is based on the type of cells in cancer. About 5% of lung cancers are of rare cell types, including lymphoma, carcinoid, and others.
The two main types of lung cancer by the size of the tumor cells when viewed under the microscope. They are called small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and cancer non-small cell (NSCLC). NSCLC includes several subtypes of tumors. SCLC is less common, but they grow quickly and are more likely to metastasize than NSCLC. Often SCLC has spread to other parts of the body where the cancer is diagnosed.
Up to one quarter of all people with lung cancer have no symptoms when the cancer is diagnosed. These cancers are usually detected incidentally when a chest radiograph is performed for another reason. The majority of people, but symptoms develop. The symptoms are caused by the direct effects of the primary tumor effects of metastatic tumors in other parts of the body, or to disturbances of hormones, blood or other systems by cancer.
Symptoms of primary lung cancer, cough, bloody sputum, chest pain and shortness of breath. Symptoms of metastatic lung tumors depend on the location and size. Approximately 30% -40% of people with lung cancer have symptoms or signs of metastases.
A cough that will not go away or worsens over time should be evaluated by a provider of health care. Even coughing blood (hemoptysis) occurs in a significant number of people who fall ill with cancer of the lung. Any amount of coughed blood is a concern. Chest pain is a symptom in about one quarter of people with lung cancer. The pain is dull pain, and persistent and may involve other structures surrounding the lung.
In addition, shortness of breath is usually caused by a blockage of airflow in a portion of the lungs, accumulation of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion), or the spread of tumors in the lung. Wheezing or hoarseness May constipation or inflammation in the lungs, which are associated with cancer may signal. Finally, with repeated infections of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis or pneumonia, a sign of lung cancer.
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